Cosmology, the study of the origin and evolution of the Universe has entered a new era of precision driven by increasingly accurate observations. The landmark detection and detailed measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) have enabled tight constraints on the contents of the Universe, including baryons, dark matter, and dark energy, within the framework of the widely used and remarkably successful ΛCDM model. Yet, despite its success, ΛCDM remains incomplete: several observations hint at inconsistencies or gaps, and many alternative models remain viable due to degeneracies in current data. Breaking these degeneracies requires independent and complementary measurements of key cosmological parameters. In this talk, I will present a range of emerging experiments designed to provide such independent constraints, with a focus on the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA). I will highlight recent results from HERA, discuss how they inform our understanding of early cosmic evolution, and outline some of the experimental and theoretical challenges that lie ahead